Showing posts with label Academic Software. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Academic Software. Show all posts

Friday, January 19, 2018

The Historical Journal and University of Cambridge - Faculty of History Zotero Styles

In my capacity as "private secretary" to a PhD student in the faculty of history at the University of Cambridge, I put together a couple Zotero styles that may be of wider interest.

The Historical Journal style updates an earlier version put together by Julian Onions.

The University of Cambridge - Faculty of History style basically adds a bibliography to The Historical Journal style. It should correspond more-or-less to the examples on the Faculty of History website here.

Both Zotero styles can be downloaded into Zotero from the Zotero Style Repository. Click on the following links to go directly there:

The Historical Journal

University of Cambridge - Faculty of History

P.S. If you are not already using Zotero for academic work, you should. Here's how Zotero describes itself:
Zotero is a free, open-source research tool that helps you collect, organize, and analyze research and share it in a variety of ways. Zotero includes the best parts of older reference manager software — the ability to store author, title, and publication fields and to export that information as formatted references — and the best aspects of modern software and web applications, such as the ability to organize, tag, and search in advanced ways. Zotero interacts seamlessly with online resources: when it senses you are viewing a book, article, or other object on the web, it can automatically extract and save complete bibliographic references. Zotero effortlessly transmits information to and from other web services and applications, and it runs both as a web service and offline on your personal devices.

Thursday, April 30, 2015

Bibleworks 10 Stuttgart Original Languages Module and Alternatives

Image courtesy of Bibleworks
Technical post alert: One of the biggest reasons to upgrade to Bibleworks 10 is that it is the only version of Bibleworks that supports the new Stuttgart Original Languages Module (SOLM), which provides you with both the most recent and yet-to-be-released texts, and also the critical apparatuses of the Hebrew Bible, Greek New Testament, Septuagint, Latin Vulgate, and Gospel of Thomas published by the German Bible Society. These are the standard original-language scholarly editions of these biblical (and extra-biblical) texts, so if you are a Bibleworks user and are looking for an electronic edition of the most up-to-date German Bible Society texts* with a critical apparatus, you may want to purchase SOLM. Unfortunately, the add-on will put you out an additional $200 (thank you, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft), but when it is compared with what other major Bible software companies offer, it is still an exceptional deal:

Olivetree offers the NA28, the Rahlfs-Hanhart LXX, and BHS with morphological-tagging, dictionaries (Newman, LEH, and BDB), and critical apparatuses, for a combined total of $279.97, but they periodically offer says at up to 50% off for their original languages texts--so wait for the sale. The advantage of Olivetree is that their texts display beautifully on Android, iOS and even Blackberry devices as well as Mac and Windows. The disadvantage is their very limited to non-existent original language search capabilities.

Several years ago Logos came out with the Stuttgart Electronic Study Bible. That appears to have been more-or-less superseded or replaced by the German Bible Society Bundle, which was last updated in 2009. I am told that Logos does not currently have permission from the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft to package the NA28 with other bundles, so to get a close equivalent to the Bibleworks SOLM you would need to purchase the German Bible Society Student Edition (for $217.95) as well as the NA28 with critical apparatus for another $99.99, for a total of $317.90. That will get you the BHS, Rahlfs-Hanhart LXX and NA28 all with morphological tagging and critical apparatus, as well as the UBS4, NA27 (with the same), the Vulgate with text and apparatus, a version of the texts of BHQ that were published by 1995 (apparently just Minor Prophets and Proverbs), and a German equivalent to Newman's Greek-English dictionary, and a Hebrew/Aramaic-German dictionary.

Accordance offers a critical morphologically-tagged text and apparatus of BHS, Rahlfs-Hanhart and NA28 in their Academic Bundle Blue - Level 1 for $400. The bundle includes a lot of other useful stuff, but no Vulgate or Gospel of Thomas. There may be a closer equivalent to the Stuttgart package.

What sets the Bibleworks Stuttgart Original Language Module apart (aside from its price) is not only what it offers now, but what it promises for the future: In addition to morphologically-tagged texts and critical apparatuses of BHS, NA28 and Rahlfs-Hanhart, and the text and apparatus of the Vulgate, customers will receive a tagged text and critical apparatus of UBS5, the Gospel of Thomas (in English, German and Coptic) when they are available, as well as BHQ when it is available (ca. 2020)! (Although the Bibleworks website doesn't explicitly say that BHQ will also include the all-important BHQ apparatus, Mike Bushell confirms that it "should.")

*Bibleworks 10 comes standard with a morphologically-tagged version of NA28 and BHS (without apparatus), so there should be no difference in search results between these two versions and the SOLM editions. There are a few very minor differences between the text of the LXX in Bibleworks 10 and the SOLM Rahlfs-Hanhart edition, which may affect search results in a few cases. The yet-to-be released BHQ will also, presumably, differ from the text of BHS.

Thursday, April 23, 2015

Bibleworks 10: Is an upgrade worth it?

Technical post alert: I switched from Gramcord to Bibleworks in 2004, when I was given an unused copy of Bibleworks 4. I upgraded immediately to version 6, and have remained current ever since. Although I am not an uncritical user, I still think Bibleworks is unparalleled for nitty-gritty, day-to-day work in the original languages, where you need easy access to concordances, lexica, and grammars; Bibleworks is also cheaper than the major alternatives (see my overview here).

Version 10 has just been released. Is yet another upgrade worth it?


To make it worthwhile, an upgrade needs to provide new features and resources that I will use a lot, not simply a library of reference books that I may consult from time to time. Before I get to what's new in Bibleworks 10, here are some features that made previous upgrades worthwhile, from my perspective:

Bibleworks 9

An array of New Testament textual criticism resources, including high resolution photos of major NT manuscripts, was the primary draw for Bibleworks 9, but the "fourth column" + "use" tab is probably the single biggest reason (aside from cost) why I haven't jumped ship for another program: Simply place your mouse over a word, and the fourth column performs an instantaneous search that gives you an immediate sense for word frequency and usage. Check out the video for more detail:

I use this feature all the time. To my knowledge, no other Bible software program has anything comparable.

Bibleworks 8 added two high-quality Hebrew Grammars (Waltke-O'Connor, Joüon & Muraoka), as well as Wallace's Greek Syntax, the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Greek, and Schaff's edition of the church fathers, among many other new features and resources. (Bibleworks maintains its own complete list here.)

Bibleworks 7 shipped with tagged versions of the Apostolic Fathers and Philo, as well as A.T. Robertson's big Greek grammar, and a version of Tov's parallel aligned Hebrew Bible/LXX. Need I say more? (There was indeed much more.)

Bibleworks 6: The reason I switched to Bibleworks in the first place was the morphological-tagged version of the works of Josephus in Greek that came with version 6. At the time, Bibleworks was, I believe, the only Bible program that offered Josephus.


Bibleworks 10: If you purchase Bibleworks new, it comes with all of the above. But what's in it for up-graders?

To be honest, my first reaction was to be a little underwhelmed: I don't need greater mac compatibility or care that much about new colour options; ditto for the epub reader; screen scaling will come in handy from time to time, but I mostly display Bibleworks on an external monitor; hi-res images of codex Leningradiensis are great, but arguably not as important for work in the MT as the images of codices א, A, B, D (in version 9) are for work in the NT. I am also disappointed that the critical apparatuses in the Stuttgart Original Language Package are an extra add-on. (Update: more detail here.)

On the positive side, I am very interested in the New English Translation of the Septuagint, Danker's Concise Greek-English Lexicon, and the tagged version of the Hebrew text of Ben Sira; and the new screen layout options + forms tab is potentially a game-changer like the "use" tab was in version 9:

(Click here for a full list of the many new features and resources in version 10. I only mentioned those that caught my eye.)

Count me in. 

Update: More detail in this follow-up post: http://gervatoshav.blogspot.ca/2015/04/bibleworks-10-stuttgart-original.html.

Saturday, January 18, 2014

Which morphologically-tagged Hebrew Bible is most accurate?

Technical post alert: While looking around for a free on-line Hebrew Bible concordance to recommend to my Hebrew students, I noticed that different electronic concordances produce different results. Here, for example, is what you get if you search for the Hebrew verb אָהַב ("to love"):

Online sources that use Strong's KJV:
209 results in 195 verses (Biblearc.com; Crosswire's Bible Tool)
208 results in 195 verses (Blue Letter Bible)

The Grove's Center's Westminster Hebrew Morphology
215 results in 200 verses (WTM 4.2, 4.14, 4.18 in Bibleworks* and Logos)
(*Bibleworks originally gave me 217 results in 200 verses because I had selected both Ketiv and Qere readings.)

Other Logos Tagged Texts
BHS/WIVU (Werkgroep Informatica): 210 results in 197 verses
Lexham Hebrew-English Interlinear: 210 results in 196 verses

Observations:

  1. I assume that the Westminster Hebrew Morphology is the most accurate. 
  2. All the online sources I have tried that give frequency information are based on Strong's concordance, which is too bad for anyone looking for decent quality, free resources. (I'm disappointed that Biblearc.com fares no better, as its Greek New Testament resources are outstanding.)
  3. There is currently no online resource that provides full parsing information for the Hebrew Bible. 
  4. Tyndale House's Step Bible may be out to change 2. and 3., but it is not there yet. (A search for אָהַב gave me 196 verses, but no occurrence list.) 
  5. We need to remember that our digital tools still have mistakes.
  6. Please let me know if there are other resources I should be looking at.
Update: Andy from Biblearc emailed (back in January!) to let me know that the discrepancy between Biblearc and other tagged databases of the Hebrew Bible can be explained:
I would challenge the conclusion you make in your blog post that the lemma data we use for the Hebrew searches is not "decent quality". I took a look at the example you give of אהב in your blog post for instance. The verses where the lemma data differs are found in the following verses:Gen 29:20; 1 King 10:9, 11:2; 2Chr 2:10; 2Chr 9:8; Hos 3:1, 9:15; Mic 6:8.

Taking a look at these, you will discover that the issue is whether to take the appearance of "אהבת + noun" as an infinitive construct of the verb "to love" (אהב) with object or as the noun "love" (אהבה) in construct form. In most all (if not all) of these cases an argument could be made for both of the options as there is no difference in how they are written. Perhaps there is another example besides אהב where the discrepancy is more significant, but if not I would encourage you to reconsider your judgment of the Hebrew lemma data that we use.

Friday, August 9, 2013

Bible Software Recommendations

In my second year Greek and Hebrew syllabi I recommend the following resources: 

The best computer programs for serious original-language study of the Bible are Accordance (Mac/Windows [coming soon]/Ipad), Bibleworks (Windows/Mac), and Logos (Windows/Mac/Ipad/Android).
Accordance 10 (http://www.accordancebible.com/). The Original Languages Collection includes the grammatically-tagged Hebrew Bible, Septuagint and Greek New Testament, several lexicons and English translations. Cost: $299.99 US.
Bibleworks 9 (http://www.bibleworks.com/). Includes the grammatically-tagged Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Greek New Testament, Targumim, Apostolic Fathers, Josephus, Philo, and Greek Pseudepigrapha; as well as several lexicons, grammars, and many translations. Cost: $359 US. 

Logos Bible Software 5 (http://www.logos.com/). Ken Penner informs me that you can get basic Greek New Testament, LXX, and Hebrew Bible texts with parsing and translation for a $160 minimal crossgrade. If you want the standard Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, Rahlf's LXX and the BHS Hebrew Bible, you can choose the Bronze package, which includes the grammatically-tagged Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Greek New Testament, and Targumim; as well as several lexicons, translations, and some new tools for syntactical analysis of the Greek New Testament and Hebrew Bible, as well as other resources. Cost: $629.95 US. If you purchase a major Logos package and you are a student or faculty member, be sure to apply for academic pricing: http://www.logos.com/academic/program.

_____________________________________
My 2 cents: In my view, Bibleworks gives you the most bang for your buck, though if I were to start over, I would probably go with Accordance. (I really like what they have included in their Original Languages Collection.) Logos has fantastic resources, but you pay a premium for them. For my earlier posts on Bibleworks and Logos see here and here. For another perspective, I recommend Mark V.G. Hoffman's blog Biblical Studies and Technological Tools.

I should add that all three programs are powerful and sophisticated tools. To get full value for your investment, you should plan to spend a minimum of 8-10 hours learning how the program works. No doubt it is because I have done this with Bibleworks, but not with Accordance or Logos that I find Bibleworks easiest to use--though not as user-friendly as Gramcord used to be.

Finally, my comments are geared toward students of Hebrew and Greek. If you don't know Hebrew or Greek, you are better off spending your time and money on learning a biblical language. Bible software power tools are no substitute for the ability to read the original.

Thursday, February 28, 2013

Logos 5: Is an upgrade worth it?

Technical, first-world problem alert: This post assumes familiarity with the major Bible software programs (Logos, Bibleworks and Accordance), and an interest in electronic resources for the study of Greek and Hebrew.

Despite the incessant advertising, I haven't been able to convince myself that shelling out 100's of $ for an upgrade from Logos 3 (Gold) to Logos 5 is worth it. Special upgrade prices expired last month, but I have an offer of academic pricing at 50% off until mid-May, so I can still think about it. What am I missing?

Let me explain my situation in a bit more detail, and then I'll look forward to suggestions:
  • I use Bibleworks all the time. It is always open on my desktop. I consult it regularly in preparation for teaching, in general Bible reading, and in research. Bibleworks comes standard with morphologically tagged Greek texts of the New Testament, LXX, Apostolic Fathers, Philo and Josephus, as well as a morphologically tagged Hebrew Bible and morphologically tagged Aramaic Targumim. It also has more translations in more languages than you can shake a stick at. The best Greek and Hebrew dictionaries and Marty Abegg's tagged sectarian DSS (to name a few of interest to me), are available as add-on modules. I hesitate to pay good money to duplicate what I already have. 
  • I do not require a library of commentaries or other resources on the whole Bible since I teach and research in a more limited area. When I start to teach a new biblical book, I will build up my library accordingly. No doubt a complete set of good commentaries would come in handy from time-to-time, but not often enough to justify paying for a set that will sit mostly unused on my virtual shelves.
  • I am interested in more sophisticated ways to analyse and perform original-language grammatical searches on the Bible and related literature.
Questions about Logos 5:
  • A minimal cross-grade would give me access to a few new Lexham tagged texts and reverse interlinears, some pictures, and a few new datasets that would allow me to search by phrases instead of words. I'm just not sure I would do this kind of search enough to make it worth $130. (The Logos sales rep I talked to actually said the cross-grade isn't worth it. What I should really do, he said, is shell out $1,000+ for one of the larger packages.)
  • The Biblical Languages Upgrade looks more up my alley, except that I already have at least one morphologically-tagged database of everything in the package. What is the value of having multiple tagged texts of the same corpus? What is the benefit of reverse interlinears when any searches I do would be in the original language? I am open to being persuaded here. I'm just not seeing it. (If they threw in Moulton-Howard-Turner or the Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament Bundle as part of the package, it would suddenly look a lot more attractive.)
  • Which of these modules is worth the asking price?
How about independent resources: The Göttingen Septuagint, for example, is very tempting, and--as far as I know--not available on any other platform. If you were to purchase specialized resources geared towards work in the original languages, what would you recommend?

Monday, February 20, 2012

Sony Reader (PRS-T1): The Best E-Reader for Biblical Scholars


The ubiquity of the Kindle says more about the success of Amazon's marketing machine than the quality of its product. To be fair, the Kindle Touch would probably best the stock edition of my Sony Reader in a head-to-head comparison. Despite its pinch-to-zoom touch screen, good pdf support, browser, and general flexibility, the PRS-T1's PC/Mac Reader software is lousy, and user highlights aren't preserved on the "cloud" as they are with the Kindle. But the Sony has one feature that makes it far superior, in my opinion, to the competition: It runs Android OS 2.2, and can easily be rooted to run a wide variety of Android Apps, including the Kindle App for Android--so any concerns about accessing Amazon's wide selection are moot.

I was delighted to be able to access a mobile Android version of Anki's excellent free flashcard program:
A work-around has been developed to display Hebrew correctly right-to-left, although it involves stripping vowel points:
(I haven't tried any Greek databases yet, but they do work.)

You can also install a modified Home screen even without rooting the device:


Update: There is also a modified reader, which significantly improves the stock Sony Reader. After installing GentiumPlus as an additional font, getting Polytonic Greek texts to display with full accents is as simple as choosing the correct font.

Best of all, I was able to install the Logos Bible Software Android App, which gives me access to anything in my Logos library as well as morphologically tagged Greek and Hebrew Bibles:
 The Hebrew vowel points aren't perfect, but they are certainly readable, and the app works great:


  • Since I've criticized Logos in the past, I should note that their initiative to make libraries available to users across platforms at no extra charge is fantastic--definitely a selling feature.
  • Getting the Logos app working involved the rather more complicated process of installing a Micro SD card and resizing the data partition. I followed the directions here and here.  
  • If you don't own a desktop version of Logos several other Bible apps are available. 
In sum, the rooted Sony Reader can do just about everything my old Tungsten E2 could do, with a larger e-ink screen, a better battery, and internet access. If you are thinking about purchasing an e-reader, the Sony is definitely worth considering;  the-ebook-reader.com calls it "the Best Advanced eBook Reader." The only downside is the time it takes to get all the "productivity software" up and running.


Note: Obviously, I can take no responsibility for what might happen to your device if you follow the same process.

Wednesday, August 31, 2011

Microsoft Anna reads I Kings 21:20 in Hebrew


I was looking around in BibleWorks 9, and noticed a "Read Text" option, which sounded neat because I occasionally want to double check my Hebrew pronunciation. Evidently "Microsoft Anna" has yet to learn Hebrew:

(I'm really pleased with BibleWorks 9, by the way. A recording in the original languages was probably too much to hope for.)

Wednesday, May 11, 2011

New Zotero Citation Style for Currents in Biblical Research

A new citation style for Zotero (and Mendeley) users who wish to have their bibliographies and author-date references automatically formatted according to the Currents in Biblical Research style sheet may be found here (scroll down to cbr). The style is based on the Chicago (Author-Date) style created by Julian Onions, and benefited greatly from feedback on this forum. (You will need to be running Zotero 2.1 for the style to work. For installation questions consider this page or search the Zotero support forums.)

This, my latest bout with productivity software, may well have taken more time than it would have to format all the citations in my next article by hand, but hopefully it will benefit other Zotero users who write for the journal, and I learned a lot about CSL (Citation Style Language) in the process. Now to write the article...

Thursday, March 10, 2011

Speech Recognition FAIL

I purchased Nuance Software's Dragon Naturally Speaking speech recognition program last month in an effort to streamline the process of creating course content for a new Distance Learning course on the book of Acts. I began recording my in-class lectures during the fall when I abandoned the idea of preparing full written notes while the course was in session. In theory, the recordings will help me get back into the moment of teaching and think about how to fill out my terse lecture notes. But who wants to listen to themselves talk for hours on end? Why not let today's technology transcribe the lectures for me? Answer: Today's technology is not up to the task. Here are the results from an experiment on a recording of a class on Acts 20:

First, my lecture notes:
  • Set up this section: Gaventa points out that this is an “extended account of life within the believing community” (276).
  • The significance of the itineraries “may lie in the consolidation of believers in a number of locations” (292). 
  • Only pastoral speech to a Christian audience in Acts in the middle of the section. 
  • Really important for my own attempt to peer over the shoulders of Luke’s audience: What about Acts is supposed to form the audience and what just describes the past? …Here we have a picture of church life.
Second, my own transcription of the first two minutes of the recording (where it is obvious why I don't like to listen to myself talk):
And what we’ve got in uh this section—So the first slide is trying to capture what what Gaventa said about this section that here is a concentrated section punctuated with travel narratives that talks about life in the church. So there’s not a lot of evangelism going on. Paul is spending time with churches. Um. And that I think is significant. Gaventa—this is interesting—suggests that the itineraries uh may be significant in that they consolidate the believers in a variety of different places. And there’s this really emotional meeting with churches in places where we haven’t even seen Paul spend time. And um so a sense of unity in the church and then right in the middle of the section you have the only pastoral speech in Acts where uh there’s an extended speech addressed to a Christian audience. This is uh important for me because as we’ve been going through Acts this time one of the main things that I’ve been interested in is trying to reflect on the question, “What what is Luke presenting that he thinks is maybe an ideal for the earliest church and what does he think is a model or what does he think is typical uh for the church in his own day? And I’m guessing, I guess, uh that this section is one of the the clearest windows, the most transparent windows onto the church in uh Luke’s own days, and and so what Paul is saying to the church, to the Ephesian elders, is presumably the types of things that that would be straightforward what Luke thinks church leaders in his own day should grab onto. And and so the types of things that he says can be maybe an interpretive key, a hermeneutical key...
And here is what Nuance came up with (notice the references to juice, a "policy research zone", Windows and zombies):
What we've got in this section so the first that talks about life church as it is unlikely with your juice and that I think is significant event. It is interesting suggests that the itineraries may be significant in that they consolidate the believers in a variety of different places in this is really emotional eating with churches and places were not and is a unity in the church and in right in the middle of the section you have the only pastoral speech in acts where it is an extended speech addressed to a Christian audience. This is important for me because as remain going through this on the meaning is done? Let us was median. I feel further policy research zone and I'm guessing I guess that this section is one of the the there is Windows the most transfer windows onto the church and the zombies and someone the types of things that that would be straightforward. What do things try to capture ...
For the record, the program worked great when I tried dictating clearly and deliberately into a microphone headset, but $100 is a lot to spend for a dictation program that I will seldom use. The idea sounds (and looks) nice:

...but unfortunately, I generally need to write down what I want to say before I say it. The thought of composing orally in complete sentences is as big a mental block as a blank screen. So here's hoping Nuance's 30 day money-back guarantee works as promised!

On the positive side, having to listen to my lectures again may help me improve my public speaking.

Friday, July 23, 2010

Wanted: A Kindle DX with tricks, for cheap

Every time I visit Amazon, I see an ad for the 6'' Kindle e-reader for only $189. I confess I want one.

Although I expect I would seldom buy new books, I really like the idea of downloading a library of public domain books or reading PDF journal articles and apparently blog feeds without being tied to my computer. I like the e-ink technology, free access to wikipedia, and email anywhere.

Here's the thing: (1) I have a hard time justifying the purchase of something I can't quite convince myself I need. (One of my friends from college days likes to remind me of the time he gave me a Toonie and forced me to spend it...on candy.) (2) I'd much rather have the larger 9.7'' screen Kindle DX edition, but I don't want to pay $279 for it. (3) I'd also like to have access to a searchable library of original language biblical texts, but the Kindle apparently doesn't work with Hebrew yet. (4) This report from a Reed College pilot project suggests that the Kindle isn't ideal for the sort of reading I need want it for. (5) This "poor man's Ipad" looks like it has what I want (reading capability on a big screen), and is closer to my ideal price range.

All this reminds me that about five years ago I wanted a Palm Tungsten E2 personal data assistant. Remember them? In addition to managing addresses and appointments, the Palm played music, displayed pictures and videos, and came equipped with a PDF viewer and software that could display and edit Microsoft Office documents. Best of all was Bible+, a free add-on for which you could download original language versions of the Bible (Greek and Hebrew), Josephus, Philo, and Homer in Greek and English, the Apostolic Fathers, and so on. All this for $199 (or free, in my case--a long story). On the down side, entering data with a stylus was slow, the 3'' screen was too small for comfortable reading, and with a laptop and a five minute commute to work I simply don't need a personal data assistant.

I still charge up my Palm and take it along to academic conferences because it is nice to have ready access to Greek, Hebrew and English Bibles. During slow moments at graduation ceremonies I pull it out of my gown and drill Hebrew vocab. But most of the time it sits in a drawer as a mute reminder that today's big item will be tomorrow's landfill.

Still, I wouldn't mind playing around with one of those Kindles...

Sunday, June 13, 2010

Why I don't recommend Logos Bible Software

Update: This post has been significantly revised in response to comments 1-3 below, and my own subsequent reflection:

At the end of their first year I tell my Greek Students,
Congratulations! You've worked hard, you've done well. You've learned enough to be dangerous. You are now equipped to use powerful Bible programs that will enable you to misread the text like never before--and do it convincingly.
For those who want to misread the Bible like never before, Logos 4 is the ideal program. Sound extreme? Let Logos speak for itself:
So how can you do better in word study if you’re not a specialist in Hebrew or Greek? There are three truly indispensable things you need for developing skill in handling the Word of God. First, you need a means to get at all the data of the text. Logos Bible Software is the premier tool for that. Through reverse interlinears, you can begin with English and mine the Bible for all occurrences of a Greek or Hebrew word....Second, you need someone who is experienced in interpretation to guide you in how to process the data in front of you. You need training in what questions to ask and why you’d ask them....Third, you need practice, practice, and more practice. - Michael Heiser
Our goal in Learn to Use Greek and Hebrew with Logos Bible Software is not for you to sight read the Greek NT or the Hebrew Bible without the helps. Instead, it’s to understand how to use the helps for interpreting the Bible. Do we still require you to be able to accurately identify the form of a particular word? Absolutely! But we don’t make you memorize a chart; we use our Visual Filter technology. After all, the inability to recognize liquid aorist verb at sight is not what makes a preacher “dangerous” with the biblical languages; it is being uninformed as to how the aorist tense works. - Johnny Cisneros

In its blog posts and promotional videos, Logos promises that its customers will be able to use Biblical Greek and Hebrew at a 3rd year level "without memorizing anything." While scholars may desire actually to learn the biblical languages, Logos is there to help the average student of the Bible get the payoff from language study without doing the work, to use Greek and Hebrew well, without learning the languages.

Sorry folks. It is not enough to learn theory about the aorist tense, you need to get a feel for how the language works as a language if you want to avoid misreading it. And the only way to get a feel for how Biblical Greek and Hebrew work is to spend a lot of time reading the Bible in Greek and Hebrew. Fortunately, the most important genuine insights from reading Greek and Hebrew come from patient, attentive, careful reading of whole passages in Greek and Hebrew, not individual word studies or gazing at an interlinear. To get beyond the point where you are dangerous there is no substitute for learning the languages, and learning any language takes time and memorization.

As usual, Carl Conrad is spot on the money:
[T]his pedagogy being peddled . . . effectively makes its user dependent upon predigested interpretation of the original-language texts. One learns not the languages, but the use of the software, and the software functions in such as way as to begin and end with English language versions of the Biblical text and English-language explanations of how and why the English-language version means what the original-language text says. I'm not happy about this, but I do think it is the wave of the future in the pedagogy of Biblical languages; in its own way, it's like the plume of slick oil spreading across the Gulf . . . .

What bothers me is that the industry and practice here are expended upon what is essentially predigested analysis done by others. For my part, I question the value of learning a little Greek or a little Hebrew if one isn't going to go deep enough to digest the original texts on one's own.
(Contrast Conrad's free advice with the $500/[$160 pre-pub] Logos is charging for its how-to videos.)

Let me be clear: Logos is one of the best Bible software programs around. As an integrated, searchable library it has no peer. Some of its syntactical resources for Greek and Hebrew are unmatched. I own a copy of Scholar's Library Gold (donated, thank you!), and I have been highly tempted by the recent release of the Göttingen Septuagint. By all accounts, Logos is a fantastic company to work for. The company actively fosters biblical scholarship by creating visionary high quality resources, such as the Anderson-Forbes Hebrew Bible, by hiring scholars, such as Steven Runge, and encouraging their academic work, and by sponsoring college and seminary scholarships.

I expect the video series created by Michael Heiser and Johnny Cisneros to explain how customers can “Learn to Use Biblical Greek and Hebrew with Logos Bible Software” is of high quality. And I think there is a place for teaching English readers how to take advantage of Greek and Hebrew, how to do word studies, and how to avoid errors in the process.

I am concerned, however, that the way Logos is designed and marketed will give users a false sense of confidence, and that English language customers will use Logos's power tools to make the sort of basic mistakes that come from not knowing the languages from the inside. If the videos frequently remind English users that they are still dangerous, I am encouraged. (My assumption is that those who take at least two years of a biblical language have an even greater awareness of how dangerous they really are, and are therefore more humble and careful in their approach to the text.)

In his response to the original version of this post, Michael Heiser says “It's a simple fact of academic life that 90% (at least) who take Greek and Hebrew the traditional way simply do not take the time to maintain it after class.” Wherever the percentages come from, the problem is real: Most pastors who take the languages don’t maintain them once they enter ministry. To the extent that Logos helps people use what they have learned and encourages them to learn more, they are performing a service. However, Mike and I disagree about how the problem should be addressed. In my view, Logos has surrendered to the status quo when it comes to teaching the biblical languages. I remain an idealist, convinced that pastors can reasonably be expected to acquire a reading knowledge of Greek and Hebrew, and maintain the languages while they are in ministry. Instead of giving up this goal in despair, I think educators (including myself!) should do all they can to teach better. It is not a question of either traditional language learning methodologies or using electronic tools. As I have argued before, there are better alternatives, such as Randall Buth’s Biblical Language Center in Israel, Christophe Rico’s Polis Koine, and schole.

The second main reason I don't recommend Logos is that its promotion and advertising seem misleading to me, and its products often strike me as overpriced: It may be the case that the "950 resources" in Scholar's Library Gold are "worth almost $15,000.00 in print", but who in their right mind would pay for them? Many of these resources are of low quality or are already in the public domain. The remainder—including the Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, the Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, the New International Greek Testament Commentary Series, the complete collection of Semeia studies, the 3 volume Context of Scripture, and the Archaeological Encylopedia to the Holy Land--to name some that are important to me—may be worth $1379.95. Why not say that the price is based on the value of these copyrighted resources and give away the rest?

Sunday, May 23, 2010

A Zotero Wishlist (or things EndNote does that Zotero doesn't do...yet)

I wish Zotero...
  • listed the total number of records.
  • (Type ctrl-a, and the total number will appear in the right column.)
  • allowed you to search in a highlighted column by typing.
  • allowed you to open more than one database at the same time (see this thread: http://forums.zotero.org/discussion/2266/).
  • allowed you to search and replace data (see EndNote's powerful "change and move fields" command).
  • displayed tags on the same page as basic record information.
  • sorted by complete author instead of by last name.
  • allowed you to add formatting to titles (I understand this will be implemented soon).
  • imported multiple PDF's (EndNote doesn't do this either).
  • did not take so long to load large databases.
Hopefully, many of these will be implemented soon.


For the record, I still prefer Zotero to EndNote.

Tuesday, May 18, 2010

Fron EndNote to Zotero: Take Two


This rather technical post has nothing to do with the above picture, which I took on our way back from Buffalo Pound last week. It is rather a follow-up to this description of the process I used to import my EndNote library into Zotero:

With help from the Zotero Forums and the excellent free Komodo Edit utility, I successfully modified the javascript for the Zotero RIS translator so that it imports my all-important "Date Read" and "Label" EndNote fields into the sortable Zotero "libraryCat" and "Rights" fields, and so that the "Series Number", "Number of Volumes" and "Edition" fields can be translated.

I also made extensive changes to my Revised version of EndNote's RIS Output style so that it interfaces with Zotero's RIS translator and correctly (for the most part) captures all (or almost all) *my* data. Since the EndNote data entry process is flexible, I can't guarantee that it will correctly capture anyone else's data, but it should work as a starting point that improves on the current filters available through Zotero and EndNote. Feel free to download the following files and modify them as you wish, but don't hold me responsible for what happens to your data (or your computer)!

Zotero RIS translator (created by Simon Kornblith; modified by me): RIS.js (I will post the relevant code on the relevant Zotero Forum.)
EndNote RIS Output style (I deleted all but the following reference types: Journal Article, Book, Book Section, Edited Book, Encyclopedia, Conference Paper, Newspaper Article, Thesis, Unpublished Work, Web Page): RefMan (RIS) Export Revised

Update: My final (?) Zotero post is a wishlist.
___________

Regular non-Zotero-related blogging will resume soon.

Thursday, May 13, 2010

EndNote Output Styles for Biblical Studies Journals

During the past three years I modified the poorly executed Society of Biblical Literature output style supplied by EndNote, and used it to create new output styles for the journals Catholic Biblical Quarterly, Currents in Biblical Research, and Novum Testamentum (footnotes only). To my relief, the IS department had my data backed up, so I was able to recover the work I thought I had lost. Click on the links below to download the styles:

Society of Biblical Literature
Catholic Biblical Quarterly
Currents in Biblical Research
Novum Testamentum

The styles are provided as is. Some more fine tuning may be necessary.

Finally, this post links to the revised EndNote RIS style and the modified Zotero translator that I used to import my database into Zotero. Zotero already has an SBL style that works well; CBQ, CBR and NovT have yet to be created. When I get around to creating or translating them into Zotero, I will link to them as well. (Alternatively, if anyone would like to translate them, I'll be glad to make use of the translated versions!)

Monday, May 10, 2010

Importing EndNote Records into Zotero

Update: See Take Two for an updated Zotero RIS translator and a new version of EndNote's RIS Output Style.

It took me about 8-10 hours to import my database of 4000+ records from EndNote X1 into Zotero. I decided not to worry about my EndNote Groups, but the rest of my data (I think), and my links to PDF files, transferred successfully. This is what I did:
  1. Delete duplicate records - For some reason, EndNote created multiple copies of some of my records (another reason to switch from EndNote). I used EndNote's "Find Duplicates" function to create a subset of about 800 records, and deleted a few hundred duplicates manually.
  2. Modify EndNote's RIS Output Style (time consuming technical step) - The basic process for importing records from EndNote to Zotero is described on the Zotero website here. There are also extensive Zotero forums discussion (beginning in 2006) with additional technical information here and, to a lesser extent, here. Zotero's recommendation, which I followed, is to export data using EndNote's Reference Manager (RIS) Output Style, save as a text file, and then open the text file in Zotero. The process works smoothly, but I encountered two major issues with my own data: 
  3. a. The RIS text file did not include a Customized data field I use all the time in EndNote to indicate when I read a book or article. I was not about to lose this information or reenter it manually.
    b. The RIS text file tagged EndNote's "Label" field, which I use to indicate where books and articles are located (in the library, in my personal collection, in my filing cabinet, on my hard drive, etc.), as a note (N1). I wanted this field to appear on Zotero's "Info" column (perhaps as Archive or "Loc. in Archive" or even as "Library Catalog"), not as a separate note.
    It took me quite awhile to find a suitable workaround. I have worked enough with EndNote's import and export filters to know that just about any EndNote field can be linked to just about any field in another program or bibliography layout. It just takes time to (re)learn how it is done, and to troubleshoot what isn't working. Unfortunately, Zotero's import filters are not adjustable in the same way--unless you are a programmer, but even then changes to Zotero code would presumably have to be approved. So my options were limited. I had to find out which RIS field codes the Zotero import filter recognizes and how it transfers them. Then I had to choose fields that would work best for me. I found the necessary details here:
    •  This webpage explains RIS field code labels. This apparently does the same thing.
    •  This page identifies Zotero field codes, which helps explain the code for the RIS Zotero translator. The latter explains which RIS field codes the Zotero import filter recognizes.
    In the end, for problem a., I decided to adjust EndNote's RIS Output style to tag EndNote's "Label" field as a Keyword (KW), which Zotero reads as a tag. This means that my Location data is listed along with subject keywords in Zotero, but tags are easily searchable, and this is better than including the information as a separate note. It works.
    For problem b., I linked my "Date Read" (Custom 1) EndNote field to M1, which Zotero inserts into the Extra field in Zotero's record info column. Unfortunately, I can't sort my records by "Date Read" (the Extra field) as I can in EndNote, but at least the data is there as a field. (Zotero also doesn't list the total number of records in a library. Why is that?)
  4. Highlight All Records and Copy Formatted in EndNote - I couldn't get my revised RIS Output Style to output correctly as a text file, so I selected all records, and selected "copy formatted" in EndNote, and then pasted the whole thing into an empty WordPad file.
  5. Update Links to PDF Files - EndNote doesn't provide the full pathname to PDF files. Zotero offers a script that can make the changes for you. I found it easier to do a global search and replace with the correct path name.
  6. Save as a Unicode Text file. This is important if you have any German, Greek or Hebrew text in the file you want to import.
  7. Import into Zotero as described here.
  8.  
    QED.

    Sunday, May 9, 2010

    The Value of Hard Copies

    My Windows 95 era copy of the Expositor's Bible Commentary no longer works in Windows 7. I recall purchasing the series for $85 back in the day. If I want another electronic copy that does work, I will need to pay $130 to order it from Logos, but that is more than the series is worth to me. If I had the 12 volume printed edition, I would still have access to it... Goes to show the wisdom in Bibleworks' frequent admonitions "to think carefully before building large electronic libraries."

    Saturday, May 8, 2010

    Fron EndNote to Zotero

    Almost three years after switching from Library Master to EndNote, I have decided to make the switch from EndNote to Zotero, the free library management program produced by the Center for History and New Media. Here's why:

    1) I just made the mostly happy switch from Windows XP to Windows 7, and from Office 2007 to Office 2010. Unfortunately, my current version of EndNote (X1) does not format footnotes in Office 2010 (or Windows 7--I'm not sure which). I can either pay $100 for an upgrade to the latest version of EndNote or switch to Zotero . . . for free.

    2) In the process of upgrading from Windows XP to Windows 7 I neglected to back-up several EndNote Output Styles I had spent hours creating. Since I will now have to recreate at least one of the Output styles anyway, I might as well learn Zotero's Citation Style Language. With my rudimentary knowledge of XML, learning the syntax should be doable. When I'm done, I can upload new Output styles to the Zotero Style Repository.

    3) Zotero's ability to download records from libraries and other websites is much better than EndNote X1's clunky online search process; Zotero manages groups better than EndNote X1; I think I will like its interface better too, once I get used to it. There are helpful overviews of Zotero here and here.

    Hopefully, this transition will go more smoothly than my last bout with productivity software.

    Wednesday, November 5, 2008

    The Trouble with Unicode

    I've been using Unicode when I work with Greek and Hebrew since the turn of the millenium. Unicode is great for all the reasons stated here. It is especially nice for Hebrew, because it keeps the correct right-to-left word order when there is a line break in the middle of a string of Hebrew text.

    The problem--in my limited experience--is that most publishers remain wedded to legacy fonts. Until publishers and editors get on board, it is not true that "Unicode Fonts Unite Biblical Studies."

    Saturday, August 2, 2008

    Patrologia Cursus Completus, Series Graeca

    Note: If the words Schaff or Migne don't mean anything to you, I recommend skipping down to the picture at the bottom of this post.

    Logos Bible Software recently announced plans to publish a searchable electronic edition of 18 out of the 161 massive volumes of Jacques Paul Migne's Patrologia Graeca. The volumes they have selected correspond roughly to Philip Schaff's English translation of the ante-Nicene church fathers, but include other patristic texts not translated in Schaff. Unfortunately, this Logos edition will not be tagged for morphology or word lemmas at this stage, but the text itself will be searchable, and wealthy Logos users will appreciate its integration with other reference works in their Logos libraries. Everything but the $400 pre-publication price tag is nice.

    Thankfully, there are cheaper alternatives:
    • The Religion and Technology center (link not working) offers all 160 volumes as pdf images for $300.
    • If you plan to do a lot of searching in extra-biblical Greek, and your library does not subscribe to it already, why not order a five-year individual subscription to the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae? For the same price as the Logos package you get almost everything written in Greek between Homer and the fall of Constantinople.
    Even better, Migne can be had for FREE:
    The bottom line: Why pay for what you can get for free?

    (From our July 31 trip to the Nicolle Flats Nature Reserve at Buffalo Pound. The occasion: t's birthday.)